Texas literature is literature Literature,, is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means acquaintance with letters (as in the Arts and Letters"). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and nonfiction about the history The first European base was established until 1682, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle established a French colony, Fort Saint Louis, near Matagorda Bay. The colony was killed off after three years, but its presence motivated Spanish authorities to begin activity. Several missions were established in East Texas; they were abandoned in 16 and culture The culture of Texas has been a melting pot of the "Southern" and Southwestern (Anglo-Mexican fusion) North American culture, with pockets of colonies of ethnic groups in and around metropolitan and other urban areas while the entire Rio Grande River valley, and increasingly other areas to the east and north of it, have been re-mexicized of Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the. It includes every literary genre A literary genre is a category of literary composition. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or even length. Genre should not be confused with age category, by which literature may be classified as either adult, young-adult, or children's. They also must not be confused with format, such as graphic novel or picture book and dates from the time of the first European contact The first European base was established until 1682, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle established a French colony, Fort Saint Louis, near Matagorda Bay. The colony was killed off after three years, but its presence motivated Spanish authorities to begin activity. Several missions were established in East Texas; they were abandoned in 16.

Literature through the nineteenth century

Non-fiction

The earliest works relating to Texas were written in Spanish Countries where Spanish has official status. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 25% or more of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 10-20% of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 5-9.9% of the population and were primarily historical in nature. Authors and works include:^[1]

• Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca — Relación (1542)
• Alonso de Benavides — Memorials (1630–34)

The first English English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into South-East Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, and of book which was solely about Texas was Texas (1833) by Mary Austin Holley Mary Austin Holley was an American historical writer best known as the author of the first known English-language history of Texas, Texas (1833), expanded in 1836 into History of Texas. She was a cousin of Stephen F. Austin, who arranged for Holley to receive a land grant on Galveston Bay. Although Holley visited Texas five times (in 1831, 1835, 18, cousin of Stephen F. Austin Stephen Fuller Austin , known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States. The capital of Texas, Austin in Travis County, Austin County, Austin Bayou, Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Austin College in Sherman, as well as a number of K-. It was expanded in 1836 and retitled History of Texas.^[1]

A later author in this period, John Crittenden Duval John Crittenden Duval was an American writer of Texas literature. He has been noted as being the first Texas man of letters and was dubbed the "Father of Texas Literature" by J. Frank Dobie. His Early Times in Texas was initially published serially in 1867 in Burke's Weekly (Macon, Georgia) and was finally published in book form in 1892, was dubbed the "Father of Texas Literature" by J. Frank Dobie James Frank Dobie was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open range. As a public figure, he was known in his lifetime for his outspoken liberal views against Texas state politics, and for his long personal war against. Duval wrote Early Times in Texas (serial form, 1868–71; book, 1892) and Adventures of Big-Foot Wallace (1872).^[1]

Fiction

Fiction about Texas was written starting in the early 19th century and consisted primarily of romantic historical Historical romance is a subgenre of two literary genres, the romance novel and the historical novel novels. The Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty figured prominently in many of these works by authors such as Augusta Evans Wilson, Amelia Edith Barr Amelia Edith Barr (born March 29, 1831 in Ulverston, Lancashire, England, died March 10, 1919) was a British American novelist, and Jeremiah Clemens Jeremiah Clemens was a U.S. senator and novelist from the state of Alabama. He was elected to fill the vacancy left by the death of Dixon Hall Lewis, and served from November 30, 1849 to March 3, 1853. Clemens was the author of Tobias Wilson, one of the first American Civil War novels, and he was also one of the earliest writers of Western novels.^[1]

1900 to the present

Non-fiction

Two seminal writers who wrote about Texas in the Western tradition are J. Frank Dobie James Frank Dobie was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open range. As a public figure, he was known in his lifetime for his outspoken liberal views against Texas state politics, and for his long personal war against and Walter Prescott Webb Walter Prescott Webb was a 20th century U.S. historian and author noted for his groundbreaking historical work on the American West. As president of the Texas State Historical Association, he launched the project that produced the Handbook of Texas. He is also noted for his early criticism of the water usage patterns in the region. Other non-fiction writers about Texas include Edward C. Abbott, Tom (Thomas Calloway) Lea Thomas Calloway "Tom" Lea, III was a noted American muralist, illustrator, artist, war correspondent, novelist, and historian, Paul Horgan Paul Horgan was an American author of fiction and non-fiction, most of which was set in the Southwestern United States. Born in Buffalo, New York, in 1903, he moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1915, J. Evetts Haley Haley ran for the United States House of Representatives as a Republican in 1948 and then ran for governor as a conservative Democrat in 1956 and Sally Reynolds Matthews.^[1]

Fiction

One of the most notable early 20th century works of Texas fiction was The Log of a Cowboy (1903) by Andy Adams Andy Adams was an American writer of western fiction. It was written in response to the immensely popular novel by Owen Wister In his later years, Wister was an opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, but he was personally and politically close to FDR's distant cousin, Theodore Roosevelt, The Virginian The Virginian is a pioneering Wild West novel by the American author Owen Wister, published in 1902. The copyright has long since expired, and it is available on the Internet. The book was dedicated to Theodore Roosevelt, a good friend of Owen Wister, which had been published a year earlier.^[1]

Noteworthy authors of the 1930s include Edward Anderson, whose novel Thieves Like Us Thieves Like Us was the second and last published novel written by Edward Anderson . It was published in 1937 by Frederick A. Stokes. See: Crime Novels : American Noir of the 1930s and 40s by Robert Polito (editor), The Library of America (1937) has been filmed twice:^[1] first in 1949 by RKO Radio Pictures RKO Pictures is an American film production and distribution company. As Radio Pictures Inc. and then RKO Radio Pictures Inc., it was one of the so-called Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) theater chains and Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studio were as They Live by Night They Live by Night is a film noir released in 1948, based on Edward Anderson's Depression-era novel Thieves Like Us. The film was directed by Nicholas Ray and starred Farley Granger as 'Bowie' Bowers and Cathy O'Donnell as 'Keechie' Mobley. The movie is the prototype for the 'couple on the run' genre, generally seen as the forerunner to the movie, later in 1974 MGM/UA Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc., or MGM, is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films and television programs. MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and Louis B. Mayer Pictures studios released Thieves Like Us Thieves Like Us is a 1974 film directed by Robert Altman, starring Keith Carradine and Shelley Duvall. The film was based on the novel Thieves Like Us by Edward Anderson. The novel is also the source material for the 1949 film They Live by Night, directed by Nicholas Ray, directed by Robert Altman Robert Bernard Altman was an American film director known for making films that are highly naturalistic, but with a stylized perspective. In 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized his body of work with an Academy Honorary Award.

Post-World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland · authors of fictional accounts of Texas include Benjamin Capps, Elmer Kelton Elmer Stephen Kelton was an American journalist and writer, known particularly for his Western novels and Larry McMurtry Larry Jeff McMurtry is an American novelist, essayist, bookseller, and Academy Award winning screenwriter whose work is predominantly set in either the "old west" or in contemporary Texas. He is known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning 1985 novel Lonesome Dove, a historical saga that follows ex-Texas Rangers as they drive their cattle from.^[1]

See also

• Handbook of Texas The Handbook of Texas is a comprehensive encyclopedia of Texas geography, history, and historical persons published by the Texas State Historical Association . The original Handbook was the brainchild of TSHA President Walter Prescott Webb of The University of Texas history department. It was published as a two-volume set in 1952, with a
• Category:Texas literature

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Graham, Don B. "Literature" in the Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association The Texas State Historical Association or abbreviated TSHA, is a non-profit educational organization, dedicated to documenting the rich and unique history of Texas. It was founded on March 2, 1897. As of November 2008, TSHA moved from Austin to the University of North Texas in Denton. The current executive director is J. Kent Calder. Retrieved Semptember 26, 2008.

Further reading

• Almon, Bert. This Stubborn Self: Texas Autobiographies. Texas Christian University Press, 2002.
• Clifford, Craig, and Tom Pilkington, eds. Range Wars: Heated Debates, Sober Reflections, and Other Assessments of Texas Writing. Southern Methodist University Press, 1989.
• Dobie, J. Frank James Frank Dobie was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open range. As a public figure, he was known in his lifetime for his outspoken liberal views against Texas state politics, and for his long personal war against (1952). Life and Literature in the Southwest — Online version of the guide to books about Texas
• Graham, Don, James W. Lee, and William T. Pilkington, eds. The Texas Literary Tradition: Fiction, Folklore, History. University of Texas at Austin, 1983.
• Graham, Don (ed.). Lone Star Literature: From the Red River to the Rio Grande. W. W. Norton & Company, 2003. ISBN 0393050432. Paperback, 2006. ISBN 0393328287
• Grider, Sylvia Ann, and Lou Halsell Rodenberger, eds. Texas Women Writers: A Tradition of Their Own. Texas A&M University Press, 1997.
• Pilkington, Tom. State of Mind: Texas Literature and Culture. Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

External links

• Handbook of Texas Online — LITERATURE
• The Infography about Texas Literature
• Texas literature at the Open Directory Project The Open Directory Project , also known as Dmoz (from directory.mozilla.org, its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links. It is owned by Netscape, but it is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors

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